Berikut ini saya ingin berbagi sebuah tulisan yang terkait dengan peranan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi yang saya kutip dari beberapa sumber.
Tentang Istilah TIK
Pada awalnya istilah Teknologi Informasi biasa disebut Teknologi komputer atau pengolahan data elektronis (electronic data processing). Istilah Teknologi Informasi sendiri mulai populer di akhir tahun 70-an. Teknologi informasi didefinisikan sebagai Teknologi pengolahan dan penyebaran data menggunakan perangkat keras (hardware) dan perangkat lunak (software), komputer, komunikasi, dan elektronik digital. Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi sangat pesat dipicu oleh kebutuhan informasi secara cepat, tepat, dan terkini. Teknologi Informasi telah menjadi fasilitas utama bagi kegiatan berbagai sector kehidupan dimana memberikan andil besar terhadap perubahan-perubahan yang mendasar pada struktur operasi dan manajemen organisasi, pendidikan, trasportasi, kesehatan dan penelitian.
Peranan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
Peningkatan kualitas hidup semakin menuntut manusia untuk melakukan berbagai aktifitas yang dibutukan dengan mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang dimilikinya. Secara tanpa kita sadari, sebagian aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh manusia telah didukung oleh Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung telah mengubah cara kita hidup, cara kita belajar, cara kita bekerja dan cara kita bermain. Beberapa penerapan dari Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi antara lain dalam bidang bisnis, pendidikan, dan kesehatan dan pemerintahan.
Penerapan TIK pada bidang bisnis misalnya, TIK telah banyak digunakan untuk mendukung proses bisnis yang terjadi pada perusahaan, baik bidang ekonomi maupun perbankan. Dengan hadirnya aplikasi-aplikasi dan layanan e-bussiness, e-commerce, e-banking dan lain-lain. Kebutuhan efisiensi waktu dan biaya menyebabkan setiap pelaku bisnis merasa perlu menerapkan teknologi informasi dalam lingkungan kerja. Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi menyebabkan perubahan bada kebiasaan kerja. Misalnya penerapan Enterprice Resource Planning (ERP).
Penerapan TIK pada bidang pendidikan telah memberikan kontribusi bagi perkembangan teknologi pembelajaran. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran sehari-hari sering dijumpai kombinasi teknologi audio/data, video/data, audio/video, dan internet. Internet merupakan alat komunikasi yang murah dimana memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi antara dua orang atau lebih. Kemampuan dan karakteristik internet memungkinkan terjadinya proses belajar mengajar jarak jauh (E-Learning) menjadi ebih efektif dan efisien sehingga dapat diperoleh hasil yang lebih baik. Dengan hadirnya e-learning setiap siswa bisa mengakses materi pembelajaran yang disediakan melalui situs. Siswa bisa berinteraksi dengan guru atau dengan siswa lain tanpa harus harus hadir dikelas. Materi pembelajaran online, membuat siapa saja bisa mengakses materi tersebut tanpa dibatasi oleh jarak dan waktu.
Penerapan TIK dalam bidang kesehatan telah mengubah pola juru medis untuk mengetahui riwayat penyakit pasien, yaitu dengan sistem berbasis kartu cerdas (smart card) dapat digunakan juru medis untuk mengetahui riwayat penyakit pasien yang datang ke rumah sakit karena dalam kartu tersebut para juru medis dapat mengetahui riwayat penyakit pasien. Digunakannya robot untuk membantu proses operasi pembedahan serta penggunaan komputer hasil pencitraan tiga dimensi untuk menunjukkan letak tumor dalam tubuh pasien.
Sedangkan penerapan TIK dalam pemerintahan dikenal dengan istilah e-government. Tujuan pemanfaatan TIK dalam pemerintahan adalah agar pelayanan kepada masyarakat dalam lebih efisien. TIK juga dapat memberdayakan masyarakat karena dengan adanya infrastruktur e-government akan lebih mudah dan lebih cepat untuk mengakses informasi dari pemerintah. Selain itu, TIK dapat mendukung pengelolaan pemerintahan yang lebih efisien, dan bisa meningkatkan komunikasi antara pemerintah dengan sektor usaha dan industri.
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